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Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka
Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are Tamil people of Indian origin in Sri Lanka. They are also known as Hill Country Tamils, Up-Country Tamils or simply Indian Tamils. They are partly descended from workers sent from South India to Sri Lanka in the 19th and 20th centuries to work in coffee, tea and rubber plantations. Some also migrated on their own as merchants and as other service providers. These Tamil-speakers mostly live in the central highlands, also known as the Malayakam or Hill Country yet others are also found in major urban areas and in the Northern Province. Although they are all termed as Tamils today, some have Telugu and Malayalee origins as well as diverse South Indian caste origins. They are instrumental in the plantation sector economy of Sri Lanka. In general socio-economically their standard of living is below that of the national average. In 1964 a large percentage were repatriated to India, but left a considerable number as stateless people. By the 1990s most of these had been given Sri Lankan citizenship. Most are Hindus with a minority of Christians and Muslims amongst them. Politically they are supportive of trade union derived political parties that have supported most of the ruling coalition since the 1980s.
==Tamil-speaking communities==
Today there are two groups of Tamils in Sri Lanka. The first are the ''Sri Lankan Tamils'', who either descended from the Tamils of the old Jaffna kingdom or who migrated to the east coast. The second are the ''Indian Tamils'' or ''Hill Country Tamils'', who are descendants of bonded labourers sent from Tamil Nadu to Sri Lanka in the 19th century to work in tea plantations.〔de Silva, C.R. ''Sri Lanka - A History'', pp.177, 181.〕 Intermarriages between Indian and Sri Lankan Tamils are substantial and the two groups do not differ much in their social and morphological attributes. Hence both the Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils can be considered as a homogeneous group.
Sri Lankan Tamils mostly live in the Northern and Eastern Provinces and in the capital of Colombo, whereas Hill Country Tamils largely live in the central highlands.〔 The Hill Country Tamils and Ceylon Tamils historically have seen themselves as separate communities. In 1949, the United National Party (UNP) government stripped the ''Indian Tamils'' of their nationality, including their right to vote. Prominent Tamil political leaders such as S. J. V. Chelvanayakam and his Tamil opposition party opposed this move.
Under an agreement between the Sri Lankan and Indian governments in the 1960s, around 40% of Hill Country Tamils were granted Sri Lankan nationality, and many of the remainder were repatriated to India.〔de Silva, C.R. ''Sri Lanka - A History'', p.262〕 However, the ethnic conflict has led to the growth of a greater sense of common Tamil identity, and the two groups are now more supportive of each other.〔 By the 1990s most Indian Tamils had received Sri Lankan citizenship.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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